Both answers are correct.
To see it by hand, we can use:
- $(x + 1)^{5/2} = (x + 1) (x + 1)^{3/2} = x (x + 1)^{3/2} + (x + 1)^{3/2}$
- $(x + 1)^{3/2} = (x + 1) (x + 1)^{1/2} = x (x + 1)^{1/2} + (x + 1)^{1/2}$
to express both as linear combinations of $(x + 1)^{1/2}$,
$x (x + 1)^{1/2}$ and $x^2 (x + 1)^{1/2}$.
To see it with Sage, we can
- ask Sage whether the two different expressions in fact agree
- differentiate both and compare them
- plot the functions to visually check whether they agree
Define the function to integrate:
sage: x = var('x')
sage: f = x*sqrt(x + 1)
sage: f
sqrt(x + 1)*x
Compute a primitive (aka antiderivative) with Sage:
sage: F = integral(f, x)
sage: F
2/5*(x + 1)^(5/2) - 2/3*(x + 1)^(3/2)
The primitive you computed (up to a constant):
sage: G = (2/3)*x*(x + 1)^(3/2) - (4/15)*(x + 1)^(5/2)
sage: G
-4/15*(x + 1)^(5/2) + 2/3*(x + 1)^(3/2)*x
Check that they agree:
sage: bool(F == G)
True
Check they have the same derivative:
sage: g = G.diff(x)
sage: g
sqrt(x + 1)*x
sage: ff = F.diff(x)
sage: ff
(x + 1)^(3/2) - sqrt(x + 1)
sage: bool(g == ff)
True
Or more visually, compare the plots of F
and G
(or f
and ff
):
sage: pF = plot(F, (-1, 1.6), color='firebrick')
sage: pG = plot(G, (-1, 1.6), color='steelblue')
sage: p = graphics_array([pF, pG, pF + pG])
sage: p.show(figsize=(7, 3))
Launched png viewer for Graphics Array of size 1 x 3