It seems not implemented on the floating-point complex numbers, nor on the complex algebraic numbers:
sage: R.<x,y> = CC[]
sage: P = x^2-y^2
sage: P.factor()
NotImplementedError: proof = True factorization not implemented. Call factor with proof=False.
sage: P.factor(proof=False)
TypeError: Singular error:
? not implemented
? error occurred in or before STDIN line 26: `def sage12=factorize(sage11);`
sage: R.<x,y> = CDF[]
sage: P = x^2-y^2
sage: P.factor(proof=False)
NotImplementedError:
sage: R.<x,y> = QQbar[]
sage: P = x^2-y^2
sage: P.factor(proof=False)
TypeError: no conversion of this ring to a Singular ring defined
However, it is implemented for multivariate polynomials with integer or rational coefficients:
sage: R.<x,y> = ZZ[]
sage: P = x^2-y^2
sage: P.factor()
(x - y) * (x + y)
But note that the factorization is done with respect to the given ring, so you will get:
sage: P = x^2+1
sage: P.factor()
x^2 + 1