# Revision history [back]

### Some code gives error in sagemath 9 but OK in 8.9

After I upgraded to sagemath 9.0 some of the code that used to work now gives error. The code was used to obtain an estimate of size of expression.

>sage --version
SageMath version 9.0, Release Date: 2020-01-01
>which sage
/bin/sage


It looks like sagemath 9 now uses python 3.0 while 8.9 used python 2 (since I had to change all my print statements to use () to make them work.

Here is an example of function that now gives an error. This is in file, say bug_sage.py

#!/usr/bin/env sage

from sage.all import *

def tree(expr):
if expr.operator() is None:
return expr
else:
return [expr.operator()]+map(tree, expr.operands())

var('x')
tree(x*e**((x*log(x) + 1)/log(x)))


Now from command line at Linux, I type sage ./bug_sage.py and it gives the error

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "./bug_sage.py", line 12, in <module>
print (tree(x*e**((x*log(x) + 1)/log(x))))
File "./bug_sage.py", line 9, in tree
return [expr.operator()]+map(tree, expr.operands())
TypeError: can only concatenate list (not "map") to list


In 8.9, no error is generated.

It looks like this is due to change in Python itself? This function is meant to generate list of all operands in expression in order to estimate the size of the expression. It is later used as follows

   len(flatten(tree(anti)))


Any idea how to fix it? Or do you suggest better way to obtain size of expression (called leaf count in other CAS systems).