sol = solve([x^2+y^2+z^2==2, x^3+y^3+z^3==2,x^4+y^4+z^4==2], x,y,z)

asked 2023-07-29 00:37:26 +0100

wisher
87 ●1 ●7 ●14

Hello, to answer a question asked on QUORA I asked SageMath to solve the following system of 3 equations with 3 unknowns.

var('x,y,z')
sol = solve([x^2+y^2+z^2==2, x^3+y^3+z^3==2, x^4+y^4+z^4==2] , X Y Z)
for s in sol:
     print s[0], s[1], s[2]

I got 9 solutions: 3 real and 6 complex.

x == 1 y == 1 z == 0
x == 0 y == 1 z == 1
x == 1.240011837821841 y == (-0.6200059048588131 + 0.3914357752931961*I) z == (-0.6200059048588134 - 0.3914357752931976*I)
x == 1.240011837821841 y == (-0.6200059048588131 - 0.3914357752931961*I) z == (-0.6200059048588134 + 0.3914357752931976*I)
x == (-0.6200059048588129 - 0.391435775293197*I) y == (-0.6200059048588129 + 0.391435775293197*I) z == 1.240011837821841
x == (-0.6200059048588129 - 0.391435775293197*I) y == (1.240011809717629 + 2.19850512568856e-15*I) z == (-0.6200059048588252 + 0.3914357752932104*I)
x == (-0.6200059048588129 + 0.391435775293197*I) y == (-0.6200059048588158 - 0.3914357752931977*I) z == (1.240011809717626 - 4.44089209850063e-16*I)
x == (-0.6200059048588129 + 0.391435775293197*I) y == (1.240011809717633 + 2.41169094738639e-14*I) z == (-0.620005904858701 - 0.3914357752932433*I)
x == 1 y == 0 z == 1

A reader answered me this: In fact, there are 15 solutions. SageMath forgets certain permutations. And it doesn't give the exact values (except for the three obvious real solutions).

Can any of you explain to me how to get all the exact solutions (with exponentials)? I thank you in advance.

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answered 2023-07-29 08:36:28 +0100

rburing

10919 ●4 ●80 ●218 https://www.rburing.nl/

updated 2023-07-29 08:40:13 +0100

The solutions can all be expressed in terms of radicals:

R.<x,y,z> = QQ[]
I = R.ideal([x^2+y^2+z^2-2, x^3+y^3+z^3-2, x^4+y^4+z^4-2])
sols = I.variety(QQbar)
for sol in sols:
    print({v: sol[v].radical_expression() for v in sol})

Output:

{z: 0, y: 1, x: 1}
{z: 1, y: 0, x: 1}
{z: 1, y: 1, x: 0}
{z: -2, y: -I*sqrt(2) - 1, x: I*sqrt(2) - 1}
{z: -2, y: I*sqrt(2) - 1, x: -I*sqrt(2) - 1}
{z: -I*sqrt(2) - 1, y: -2, x: I*sqrt(2) - 1}
{z: I*sqrt(2) - 1, y: -2, x: -I*sqrt(2) - 1}
{z: -I*sqrt(2) - 1, y: I*sqrt(2) - 1, x: -2}
{z: I*sqrt(2) - 1, y: -I*sqrt(2) - 1, x: -2}
{z: (1/9*sqrt(3)*sqrt(2) + 1/3)^(1/3) + 1/3/(1/9*sqrt(3)*sqrt(2) + 1/3)^(1/3), y: -1/2*(1/9*sqrt(3)*sqrt(2) + 1/3)^(1/3)*(I*sqrt(3) + 1) - 1/6*(-I*sqrt(3) + 1)/(1/9*sqrt(3)*sqrt(2) + 1/3)^(1/3), x: -1/2*(1/9*sqrt(3)*sqrt(2) + 1/3)^(1/3)*(-I*sqrt(3) + 1) - 1/6*(I*sqrt(3) + 1)/(1/9*sqrt(3)*sqrt(2) + 1/3)^(1/3)}
{z: (1/9*sqrt(3)*sqrt(2) + 1/3)^(1/3) + 1/3/(1/9*sqrt(3)*sqrt(2) + 1/3)^(1/3), y: -1/2*(1/9*sqrt(3)*sqrt(2) + 1/3)^(1/3)*(-I*sqrt(3) + 1) - 1/6*(I*sqrt(3) + 1)/(1/9*sqrt(3)*sqrt(2) + 1/3)^(1/3), x: -1/2*(1/9*sqrt(3)*sqrt(2) + 1/3)^(1/3)*(I*sqrt(3) + 1) - 1/6*(-I*sqrt(3) + 1)/(1/9*sqrt(3)*sqrt(2) + 1/3)^(1/3)}
{z: -1/2*(1/9*sqrt(3)*sqrt(2) + 1/3)^(1/3)*(I*sqrt(3) + 1) - 1/6*(-I*sqrt(3) + 1)/(1/9*sqrt(3)*sqrt(2) + 1/3)^(1/3), y: -1/2*(1/9*sqrt(3)*sqrt(2) + 1/3)^(1/3)*(-I*sqrt(3) + 1) - 1/6*(I*sqrt(3) + 1)/(1/9*sqrt(3)*sqrt(2) + 1/3)^(1/3), x: (1/9*sqrt(3)*sqrt(2) + 1/3)^(1/3) + 1/3/(1/9*sqrt(3)*sqrt(2) + 1/3)^(1/3)}
{z: -1/2*(1/9*sqrt(3)*sqrt(2) + 1/3)^(1/3)*(I*sqrt(3) + 1) - 1/6*(-I*sqrt(3) + 1)/(1/9*sqrt(3)*sqrt(2) + 1/3)^(1/3), y: (1/9*sqrt(3)*sqrt(2) + 1/3)^(1/3) + 1/3/(1/9*sqrt(3)*sqrt(2) + 1/3)^(1/3), x: -1/2*(1/9*sqrt(3)*sqrt(2) + 1/3)^(1/3)*(-I*sqrt(3) + 1) - 1/6*(I*sqrt(3) + 1)/(1/9*sqrt(3)*sqrt(2) + 1/3)^(1/3)}
{z: -1/2*(1/9*sqrt(3)*sqrt(2) + 1/3)^(1/3)*(-I*sqrt(3) + 1) - 1/6*(I*sqrt(3) + 1)/(1/9*sqrt(3)*sqrt(2) + 1/3)^(1/3), y: -1/2*(1/9*sqrt(3)*sqrt(2) + 1/3)^(1/3)*(I*sqrt(3) + 1) - 1/6*(-I*sqrt(3) + 1)/(1/9*sqrt(3)*sqrt(2) + 1/3)^(1/3), x: (1/9*sqrt(3)*sqrt(2) + 1/3)^(1/3) + 1/3/(1/9*sqrt(3)*sqrt(2) + 1/3)^(1/3)}
{z: -1/2*(1/9*sqrt(3)*sqrt(2) + 1/3)^(1/3)*(-I*sqrt(3) + 1) - 1/6*(I*sqrt(3) + 1)/(1/9*sqrt(3)*sqrt(2) + 1/3)^(1/3), y: (1/9*sqrt(3)*sqrt(2) + 1/3)^(1/3) + 1/3/(1/9*sqrt(3)*sqrt(2) + 1/3)^(1/3), x: -1/2*(1/9*sqrt(3)*sqrt(2) + 1/3)^(1/3)*(I*sqrt(3) + 1) - 1/6*(-I*sqrt(3) + 1)/(1/9*sqrt(3)*sqrt(2) + 1/3)^(1/3)}

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Thank you very much for your answer. I update my version of SageMath immediately.

wisher ( 2023-07-29 10:20:07 +0100 )edit

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answered 2023-07-29 01:03:52 +0100

Max Alekseyev

6488 ●9 ●47 ●153

Your Sage version is outdated (it's even Python2-based). Please update it and you'll see all 15 solutions. E.g., you can see them all in Sagecell: https://sagecell.sagemath.org/?q=qboyaw

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Indeed I still work with version 7.3. I will make the transition as soon as possible to the latest version. A big thank you for your reply. Have a nice week end.

wisher ( 2023-07-29 01:15:29 +0100 )edit

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sol = solve([x^2+y^2+z^2==2, x^3+y^3+z^3==2,x^4+y^4+z^4==2], x,y,z)

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sol = solve([x^2+y^2+z^2==2, x^3+y^3+z^3==2,x^4+y^4+z^4==2], x,y,z)