Quaternions Missing Important Functionality?
I use quaternions and Clifford algebras frequently for solving PDE boundary value problems as well as things like reflections, rotations etc. The underlying field for my quaternions is almost always either the complex numbers or the symbolic ring.
I am making an attempt to use them in Sage but I've run into a couple of obstacles that have given me pause. The absolute first things I looked for were,
1) scalar part or real part of the quaternion. Where is this function? I stumbled upon turning it into a list or vector but I presume that just taking the scalar part would be more efficient than dumping all the coefficients. For matrix representations it's often just the trace of the matrix. Correspondingly obtaining the vector part should be a standard function as well.
2) Quaternion automorphisms and anti-automorphisms? where are they? Yes we have conjugate which is both a method and an external function but what about the reversion and involution and the many other automorphisms? I don't expect to have to multiply by a bunch of unit vectors to get them for efficiency reasons. Also how do I distinguish between the quaternion conjugate and the complex conjugate of each of it's elements? This is a very important distinction that I would not know how to do without stripping out it's components and then remapping it.
3) Constructing a quaternion from coefficients. The only examples I've seen require explicit multiplications like q = q0 + q1 * i + q2 * j + q3 * k . That doesn't seem efficient.
4) quaternions as elements of enclosing matrices and vectors. This would be very helpful since you could generate any Clifford algebra with this and it's often easier to analyze the components of said algebra that are isomorphic to Quaternions or Biquaternions in the complex case. Moreover I need to be able to do this for quaternions over the symbolic ring. It fails for me as this example from sage 7.3 shows:
Q.<e1,e2,e3> = QuaternionAlgebra(SR, -1,-1)
var('x y z', domain='real')
q1 = x + x * I * e1
q2 = x - x * I * e1
v = vector([q1,q2])
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "_sage_input_36.py", line 10, in <module>
exec compile(u'open("___code___.py","w").write("# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-\\n" + _support_.preparse_worksheet_cell(base64.b64decode("US48ZTEsZTIsZTM+ID0gUXVhdGVybmlvbkFsZ2VicmEoU1IsIC0xLC0xKQp2YXIoJ3ggeSB6JywgZG9tYWluPSdyZWFsJykKcTEgPSB4ICsgeCAqIEkgKiBlMQpxMiA9IHggLSB4ICogSSAqIGUxCnYgPSB2ZWN0b3IoW3ExLHEyXSk="),globals())+"\\n"); execfile(os.path.abspath("___code___.py"))
File "", line 1, in <module>
File "/tmp/tmpQ0ibdW/___code___.py", line 7, in <module>
exec compile(u'v = vector([q1,q2]) File "", line 1, in <module>
File "sage/modules/free_module_element.pyx", line 510, in sage.modules.free_module_element.vector (/data/AppData/SageMath/src/build/cythonized/sage/modules/free_module_element.c:5811)
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for ** or pow(): 'QuaternionAlgebra_ab' and 'int'
5) quaternion rotations. Most libraries will generate the unit quaternion that rotates in 3D space and/or have a function that applies it efficiently.
There are probably a few other things like generating a canonical matrix ...
I just want to say this is a really great and well-thought-out question, and I hope someone answers it soon. My guess is that at least some of this really would need new tickets; quaternion stuff in Sage I think is more there for algebraists than e.g. graphics.