# Graphing Complex Functions 3D (x,y,i axes) Instead Of Color-Coded 2D (x,i)

Following this guide to Sage: and using Sage Online produced the following graphs:

It would be nice to see it in 3D instead of merely color coded. The y-axis is coming out of the picture toward us and instead of seeing the 3D surface (in x,y,i coordinates) we see a color-graph on the x-i plane.

You can do what I wish using Maple:

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One approach would be to use plot3d. For example,

var('x,y')
plot3d(lambda x,y: norm(1/(((x+i*y)-3)*((x+y*i)+2))),(x,-4,4),(y,-4,4))


gives

I've not been able to get the coloring that you'd probably like, but this does give the 3d plot rather than the 2d plot you were getting.

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Some approximation :

var('x,y')
cm = colormaps.jet
pi2 = 2 * pi.n()
def f(x, y):
z = x + I * y
return (z-2)/(z+3)**2
def cf(x, y):
return f(x, y).n().arg() / pi2 + 0.5
plot3d(lambda x, y: f(x, y).n().abs(), (x,-4,4), (y,-4,4), color=(cf, cm))

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In the following we

• increase the number of plot points to improve the resolution of the image,
• use RDF and CDF: "real double field", "complex double field" -- floating-point real and complex numbers,
• avoid Sage's "symbolic variables" and "symbolic ring" throughout.

Doing this, the spike however reaches higher and higher values, so it becomes necessary to truncate the z values.

Pick a colormap and define $\tau = 2\pi$.

sage: cm = colormaps.jet
sage: tau = 2 * RDF.pi()


Define f:

sage: def f(x, y):
....:     z = CDF(x, y)
....:     return (z - 2) / (z + 3)**2


Define f_abs (modulus of f):

sage: f_abs = lambda x, y: f(x, y).abs()


Define truncation:

sage: trunc = lambda x, t: x if x.abs() < t else RDF.nan()


Pick a bound to truncate:

sage: zbound = 8


Define f_abs_trunc as f_abs truncated to the chosen bound.

sage: f_abs_trunc = lambda x, y: trunc(f_abs(x, y), zbound)


Define f_arg_color as the coloring for the argument of f:

sage: f_arg_color = lambda x, y: f(x, y).arg() / tau + RDF(0.5)


Compute the plot:

sage: p = plot3d(f_abs_trunc, (-4, 4), (-4, 4), color=(f_arg_color, cm), plot_points=200)


Show the plot (choose viewer='threejs' or viewer='jmol' or viewer='tachyon'):

sage: p.show(viewer='threejs')


Increasing plot_points further makes a nicer plot while also increasing the time to show the plot. Try for example plot_points=400 or even plot_points=800.

One can also increase zbound to see more of the spike (try for example zbound=1e2 or zbound=2e5). Or plot f_abs instead of f_abs_trunc to avoid truncation altogether.

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