If b is a root (in some field of characteristic two) of a polynomial
defined over the prime field GF(2), then b, b2=F(b), b4=F2(b),b8=F3(b), and so on
are also roots. Here, F is the Frobenius map.
So if β23 is in the list, then F(β23)=(β23)2=β46 should be also on the list.
So i suspected some typo first. At some point, i decided to look for the cited data. The net gave me
an article with the following data:
<<<
To be more precise, the feedback polynomial of SNOW 2.0 is given by
π(x)=αx16+x14+α−1x5+1∈F232[x] ,
where α is a root of x4+β23x3+β245x2+β48x+β239∈F28[x],
and β is a root of x8+x7+x5+x3+1∈F2[x] .>>>
In the wish from the post we do not have the information, that β is a root of P.
But we have the other information, that β23,β245,β48,β239
are roots of P.
This is false, since with β we have the other roots βn for n among
sage: print [ 23*2^k % 255 for k in [0..7] ]
[23, 46, 92, 184, 113, 226, 197, 139]
And we miss 245, 48, 239.