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Using true polynomials, separating variables, we can ask for coefficients of involved monomials...

R.<a,b,c> = PolynomialRing(QQ)
S.<x,y> = PolynomialRing(R)

f = a*x^2 + a*y^2 + b*y^2 + c*y^2 + (2*a*y + b*y)*x

And now:

for entry in f:    print(entry)

gives:

sage:     for entry in f:    print(entry)
....: 
(a, x^2)
(2*a + b, x*y)
(a + b + c, y^2)

So each entry collects the corresponding monomial in $x,y$ in its last component, the first component being the coefficient.