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# Revision history [back]

Well... this is not as easy as it should, since Sage doesn't (yet) do partial substitutions (e. replace a two-factors product in a multiple-factors expression).

But it can be done, if one can follow a bit of intuition :

sage: f=sqrt(3)/3*cos(x)+1/3*sin(x)
sage: f*3/2
1/2*sqrt(3)*cos(x) + 1/2*sin(x)


Aha ! ISTR that $\cos{\pi \over 3}={1 \over 2}$ and that $\sin{\pi \over 3}={\sqrt{3} \over 2}$. Our f*3/2* would then be :

sage: bool((f*3/2)==sin(pi/3)*cos(x)+cos(pi/3)*sin(x))
True


Aha again. Now, this looks like $\sin({\pi \over 3} +x)$. Let's check :

sage: bool(f*3/2==sin(pi/3+x))
True


Again a distant memory stirs in my obsolescent neurons :

sage: bool(sin(x)==cos(pi/2-x))
True


Therefore, since ${\pi \over 2}-({\pi \over 3} + x) = {\pi \over 6}-x$, we have :

sage: bool(f*3/2==cos(pi/6-x))
True
sage: bool(f==cos(pi/6-x)*2/3)
True


Q. E. bloody D...

Here, apart from the already mentioned problem of Sage having difficulties with partial substituition, Sage doesn't have methods for going from/to sums to products of trig/hyperbolic expressions. It can be done with subs using a relevant dictionary (using SR wildcards) such as one of those :

sage: S2PW
[cos($1) + cos($0) == 2*cos(1/2*$1 + 1/2*$0)*cos(-1/2*$1 + 1/2*$0),
-cos($1) + cos($0) == -2*sin(1/2*$1 + 1/2*$0)*sin(-1/2*$1 + 1/2*$0),
sin($1) + sin($0) == 2*cos(-1/2*$1 + 1/2*$0)*sin(1/2*$1 + 1/2*$0),
-sin($1) + sin($0) == 2*cos(1/2*$1 + 1/2*$0)*sin(-1/2*$1 + 1/2*$0)]
sage: P2SW
[cos($1)*sin($0) == 1/2*sin($1 +$0) + 1/2*sin(-$1 +$0),
cos($0)*sin($1) == 1/2*sin($1 +$0) - 1/2*sin(-$1 +$0),
cos($1)*cos($0) == 1/2*cos($1 +$0) + 1/2*cos(-$1 +$0),
sin($1)*sin($0) == -1/2*cos($1 +$0) + 1/2*cos(-$1 +$0)]
sage: SQSW
[cos($0)^2 == 1/2*cos(2*$0) + 1/2,
sin($0)^2 == -1/2*cos(2*$0) + 1/2,
tan($0)^2 == -(cos(2*$0) - 1)/(cos(2*$0) + 1), cos($0) + 1 == 2*cos(1/2*$0)^2, -cos(2*$0) + 1 == 2*sin($0)^2]  Those are not very difficult to derive in Sage, but adding them to Sage (possibly as an optional package) would be useful... EDIT : A better (systematic) solution is available at this repost question. Well... this is not as easy as it should, since Sage doesn't (yet) do partial substitutions (e. replace a two-factors product in a multiple-factors expression). But it can be done, if one can follow a bit of intuition : sage: f=sqrt(3)/3*cos(x)+1/3*sin(x) sage: f*3/2 1/2*sqrt(3)*cos(x) + 1/2*sin(x)  Aha ! ISTR that$\cos{\pi \over 3}={1 \over 2}$and that$\sin{\pi \over 3}={\sqrt{3} \over 2}$. Our f*3/2* would then be : sage: bool((f*3/2)==sin(pi/3)*cos(x)+cos(pi/3)*sin(x)) True  Aha again. Now, this looks like$\sin({\pi \over 3} +x)$. Let's check : sage: bool(f*3/2==sin(pi/3+x)) True  Again a distant memory stirs in my obsolescent neurons : sage: bool(sin(x)==cos(pi/2-x)) True  Therefore, since${\pi \over 2}-({\pi \over 3} + x) = {\pi \over 6}-x$, we have : sage: bool(f*3/2==cos(pi/6-x)) True sage: bool(f==cos(pi/6-x)*2/3) True  Q. E. bloody D... Here, apart from the already mentioned problem of Sage having difficulties with partial substituition, Sage doesn't have methods for going from/to sums to products of trig/hyperbolic expressions. It can be done with subs using a relevant dictionary (using SR wildcards) such as one of those : sage: S2PW [cos($1) + cos($0) == 2*cos(1/2*$1 + 1/2*$0)*cos(-1/2*$1 + 1/2*$0), -cos($1) + cos($0) == -2*sin(1/2*$1 + 1/2*$0)*sin(-1/2*$1 + 1/2*$0), sin($1) + sin($0) == 2*cos(-1/2*$1 + 1/2*$0)*sin(1/2*$1 + 1/2*$0), -sin($1) + sin($0) == 2*cos(1/2*$1 + 1/2*$0)*sin(-1/2*$1 + 1/2*$0)] sage: P2SW [cos($1)*sin($0) == 1/2*sin($1 + $0) + 1/2*sin(-$1 + $0), cos($0)*sin($1) == 1/2*sin($1 + $0) - 1/2*sin(-$1 + $0), cos($1)*cos($0) == 1/2*cos($1 + $0) + 1/2*cos(-$1 + $0), sin($1)*sin($0) == -1/2*cos($1 + $0) + 1/2*cos(-$1 + $0)] sage: SQSW [cos($0)^2 == 1/2*cos(2*$0) + 1/2, sin($0)^2 == -1/2*cos(2*$0) + 1/2, tan($0)^2 == -(cos(2*$0) - 1)/(cos(2*$0) + 1),
cos($0) + 1 == 2*cos(1/2*$0)^2,
-cos(2*$0) + 1 == 2*sin($0)^2]


Those are not very difficult to derive in Sage, but adding them to Sage (possibly as an optional package) would be useful...