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I do not know exactly what you want to do. A solution is simply to let Sage decide the type of your data, and it works fine. If you really need, you can at the end cast the results you get as long:

sage: N = 16260595201356777876687102055392856230368799478725437225418970788404092751540966827614883675066492383688147288741223234174448378892794567789551235835087027626536919406320142455677084743499141155821894102610573207343199194327005172833989486958434982393556326206485954223151805798621294965926069728816780985683043030371485847746616146554612001066554175545753760388987584593091716701780398711910886679925612838955858736102229719042291682456480437908426849734556856917891628730543729446245974891735371991588505429152639045721840213451875487038496578525189542369448895368117152818687795094021869963915318643663536132393791
sage: e = 9278586176415637407263159408578691920359333372454377369719770617047980280946772628715887544861771332603998512490412112310956902919491486170574088276198189495386333836465063768828129359301433517440718437381660454785705721525097974857636068871096713768626273297901238473071056637845492072479070936932798180576585796558683754435768607883046039584737510259185971806751698550158026249176801507619064529443818304150648599396688870660401080227889827572469510021064725085334872793878678034795523371228947902585424135292996464136649558065449053206564552616679643325831942423442776280981153068472730957010986456115236454025653
sage: delta = 0.26
sage: m = 4
sage: t = floor((1 - 2*delta) * m)
sage: X = 2 * floor(N^delta)
sage: Y = floor(N^(1/2))
sage: long(X)
32803899270297070621193977210731234596426011189989730481205367370572340252530823123935195892838208219967066426399488721710159859316222019683979411877007525412864L
sage: long(Y)
127517038866799200297242821855120159560537172736237774965548822592486953009486344046149894274027863945891695034796248608733215708336298908651544487154454966444303900338262061989468695845390725264270930561135688549398831506715374871115720837441254679481355465619731364817176382308337998166956161420882909016415L