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Huh, that's a great question. I don't believe so. However, you could $\LaTeX$ it...

sage: M = matrix([[1,2,3]])
sage: latex(M)
\left(\begin{array}{rrr}
1 & 2 & 3
\end{array}\right)

Though that's not what you want in terms of the dots. Here it is in Sage, straight from some examples in the GAP reference manual:

sage: G = gap([[1,-1,1],[2,0,-1],[1,1,1]])
sage: G
[ [ 1, -1, 1 ], [ 2, 0, -1 ], [ 1, 1, 1 ] ]
sage: type(G)
<class 'sage.interfaces.gap.GapElement'>
sage: G.Display()
[ [   1,  -1,   1 ],
  [   2,   0,  -1 ],
  [   1,   1,   1 ] ]
sage: H = gap('[[1,-1,1],[2,0,-1],[1,1,1]]*One(GF(5))')
sage: H
[ [ Z(5)^0, Z(5)^2, Z(5)^0 ], [ Z(5), 0*Z(5), Z(5)^2 ], 
  [ Z(5)^0, Z(5)^0, Z(5)^0 ] ]
sage: H.Display()
1 4 1
 2 . 4
 1 1 1

You'll note that this only happens in the finite field case, where of course 0 isn't in the group of units and so it's appropriate to display it differently. So I don't know whether we would want to do this.

For sparse Sage matrices, like (from Sage matrix?),

 sage: m=matrix(QQ,2,3,{(1,1): 2}); m
 [0 0 0]
 [0 2 0]

I could imagine something of the kind as an optional way of doing it. But I don't use them, so you'd want to ask on sage-devel about that.