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Hello,

Depending on what you mean by "scientific data" the answer would be different. If they are in a finite set say {True, False} then you can make a chi^2 test. If they are infinite but can be ordinate then you can perform a Mann-Whitney (or Wilcoxon or Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney) test...

In the two preceding cases you should use R (which is included in Sage) which is a toolbox for statistics. More precisely you can look at

sage: r.chisq_test?
sage: r.wilcox_test?

(the r. means that you will use R)