2021-08-15 04:06:03 +0200 received badge ● Popular Question (source) 2020-12-26 15:23:33 +0200 received badge ● Notable Question (source) 2020-11-30 20:46:44 +0200 received badge ● Notable Question (source) 2020-04-15 18:50:04 +0200 received badge ● Popular Question (source) 2020-04-15 06:04:46 +0200 received badge ● Popular Question (source) 2018-01-23 00:14:34 +0200 commented question testing if system of inequalities has solution The problem is, there are too many inequalities to post them here and to get there I already used a few hundreds of lines. I could give you access on CoCalc instead, there I have the fractions saved as an object. The only thing there is, that the calculation stops because of ram restrictions. (It even kills my computer when I try to run it one mine.) Since solve and solve_ineq returns the actual solutions, I hope there was a lighter method which returns only the existence of a solution. 2018-01-22 20:35:51 +0200 received badge ● Associate Editor (source) 2018-01-22 20:05:31 +0200 asked a question testing if system of inequalities has solution Hi there, I have a big system of inequalities (~1500 inequalities, 45 variables) and want to check, if there exists a real solution to it. Trying out the 'solve' and 'solve_ineq' takes a huge amount of time or it breaks during calculation and after checking some of the questions here I even assume the solve-function is broken and sometimes gives wrong results. Does anybody know about a function/system which returns in a responsible time and reliable if there exists a solution or not (existence is enough) (I want to use this in an actual proof, so it would be useless, if I can't trust the result). In my use case I have the variables $a1, ..., a15, b1,...,b15,c1,...,c15 \in \mathbb R^+$ and my inequalities are all of the form $$\frac{f(a1,...,a15)}{g(c1,\dots, c15)} \geq \frac{f'(a1,\dots,a15)}{g'(c1,\dots, c15)}$$ (and same for combinations of (a,b) and (b,c)) for given linear functions $f,f',g,g'$ (i.e. multivariate polynomials with degree at most 1), so restricting to the variables $ai$ we get a system of linear inequalities (but even trying to solve these takes long/doesn't work with the solve function). Actually more accuratly I have indexed sets $$F_{a,b} ={{(f_i,g_i) | i \in I }, F_{c,b} ={(p_i,q_i) | i \in I } ,F_{a,c} ={(r_i,s_i) | i \in I }$$ and want to show, that if there exists a solution $(a,b)$ of $$\frac{f_k(a)}{g_k(b)} = max_i \frac{f_i(a)}{g_i(b)}$$ then there exists a solution $(c)$ to $$\frac{r_k(a)}{s_k(c)} = max_i \frac{r_i(a)}{s_i(c)}$$ $$\frac{p_k(c)}{q_k(b)} = max_i \frac{p_i(c)}{q_i(b)}$$ So far I have a the follwing snippet: #fractionAB are the saved fractions from above, a,b,c are arrays with e.g. a=[a1,a2,...,a15] stopIt=False for maxStretch in cands: #cands is the index set I ineq=[fractionAB.get(maxStretch) >= fractionAB.get(cand) for cand in cands] if solve(ineq,a+b): #try here if there exists a middle point on the geodesic, i.e. geodesic exists ineq.extend([fractionAC.get(maxStretch) >= fractionAC.get(cand) for cand in cands]) ineq.extend([fractionCB.get(maxStretch) >= fractionCB.get(cand) for cand in cands]) if not solve(ineq, a+b+c): stopIt=True print 'Tested for candidate ' , maxStretch if stopIt: break  I know, there is room for improvement e.g. at reusing to first solution from (a+b), the problem is, that even that first system pretty much kills the calculation. Also multiplying the denominators on each side doesn't seem to help. PS: The mathjax seems to be broken on this site, since the code for leftbraces seems to vanish (hence the ugly "fix" above). 2018-01-10 19:23:05 +0200 received badge ● Scholar (source) 2018-01-10 08:54:16 +0200 received badge ● Self-Learner (source) 2018-01-10 04:35:53 +0200 answered a question coercion into/from subgroup or Tietze of generator change It was quite some pain and looks pretty ugly, but this does the job, The interesting part is done in GAP but sadly most of the code is wasted for translation... Feel free to improve it (there is a lot to improve here) #the variables we want to change (feel free to edit this block) F.= FreeGroup(); x=a*b/c; gens=[a*b,b,b*c] #make it compatible for translation into GAP rank = len(gens) xTietze= list(x.Tietze()) tgens=[list(word.Tietze()) for word in gens] print 'x as Tietze: ', xTietze #translate word and generators to GAP: gap.eval('tWord := %s;; tgens:=%s;; rank:= %s;;' %(xTietze, tgens, rank)) gap.eval('G := FreeGroup(rank);; Ggens:=GeneratorsOfGroup(G);;') gap.eval('word:=One(G);; for i in tWord do nextLetter:=Ggens[AbsInt(i)]; if i>0 then word:=word*nextLetter; else word:=word/nextLetter; fi; od;') gap.eval('newGens:=[];; for tWord in tgens do newGen:=One(G);; for i in tWord do nextLetter:=Ggens[AbsInt(i)]; if i>0 then newGen:=newGen*nextLetter; else newGen:=newGen/nextLetter; fi; od; Add(newGens, newGen); od;') print 'conversion of new base in GAP: ', gap('newGens') gap.eval('H:=Subgroup(G,newGens);;') print 'x after conversion in GAP: ', gap('word') #change the base in GAP gap.eval('hom:=EpimorphismFromFreeGroup(H);;') print 'written with new basis' gap.eval('newWord := PreImagesRepresentative(hom,word);') #and translate new Tietze-word back to sage newTietze=gap('TietzeWordAbstractWord(newWord);').sage() print 'back in sage as Tietze: ', newTietze  2018-01-09 21:22:59 +0200 commented question coercion into/from subgroup or Tietze of generator change Yes, we can consider $H$ to be the full free group $F$. Per se it is possible to write the generators as words of the other ones and vice versa (meaning if I would do it by hand I could do it). The problem here is, that I don't know beforehand which generators will be passed, so in practise we only know how to write the generators (and hence any element) of $H$ as word of the generators of $F$. I need a word of $F$ to be looked at, as if it was in $H$ and the Tietze of it in $H$. So far I managed the coercing by $y=H(x.gap())$. The problem here is, that as a subgroup $H$ lacks the Tietze function... Currently I tried to translate it completly to gap (via sage) and solve it there , but I can't find the proper ... 2018-01-07 14:35:33 +0200 received badge ● Good Question (source) 2018-01-06 16:36:54 +0200 received badge ● Nice Question (source) 2018-01-06 00:53:14 +0200 asked a question coercion into/from subgroup or Tietze of generator change Hi there, do you know of a function, which solves the Tietze for subgroups or converts elements from parentgroup to elements of subgroup and the other way round (if possible)? Neither of the commented codes work (but I hope it is clear what I want): F. = FreeGroup() x=a*b/c H=F.subgroup([a*b,b,b*c]) y=H.gens()[1]*H.gens()[0] x in H y in F #F(y) #F.coerce(y) #H.coerce(x).Tietze() #H(x)  I am using cocalc, if this is a version thing. I know something like that exists for quotient groups (s. http://doc.sagemath.org/html/en/refer... ) In my use-case I have a free group $F$ and an element $x \in F$ in it. Now I want for a given list of generators (e.g. in above [ ab, b, bc ]) the $x$ as a word of these generators, hence I would like to see $x$ as an element in $H$ and use x.Tietze(). Another solution to my problem would be to swap the generators, but I can't see a way to do that either? 2017-12-14 02:41:20 +0200 received badge ● Teacher (source) 2017-12-14 02:41:20 +0200 received badge ● Self-Learner (source) 2017-12-14 02:41:17 +0200 received badge ● Nice Question (source) 2017-12-13 21:55:40 +0200 received badge ● Supporter (source) 2017-12-13 21:55:31 +0200 answered a question find embedded subgraphs I felt a little bit uncomfortable with 'cycle_basis' since it gives me a basis for all sets of disjoint cycles, but I actually want a set of all simple cycles (disjoint vertices). A non optimal solution i came up with (using the implemented path function): def simple_cycles(Gamma): """ Returns a list of all simple cycles in the given graph Gamma as lists of vertices. """ G = Graph(Gamma) #make copy of given graph edges = G.edges() cycleList =[] for edge in edges: G.delete_edge(edge) #delete starting edge to avoid duplicates if edge[0]==edge[1]: #if its loop cycleList.append([edge[0], edge[1]]) for path in G.all_paths(edge[1], edge[0]): if(len(path)>1): cycleList.append([edge[0]]+path) return cycleList;  Optimizations or corrections will be appreciated (e.g. the description right now is horrible). Also I am not sure how well this behaves with multiedges. 2017-12-13 18:58:10 +0200 commented answer find embedded subgraphs First of all thanks for the quick response. After some testing I found out, that the subgraph-function doesn't recognize loops (or ignores them), not sure how it works with multi-edges, since the list are vertices (also mentioned in the manual). (I wanted to check for barbells in a graph: Barb = Graph({0:[0,1], 1:[0,1]}) Gamma = Graph({1:[1,2,4],2:[1,3,5],3:[2,3,6],4:[1,4,5],6:[3,5,6]}); subg = list(Gamma.subgraph_search_iterator(Barb)) subg == list(Gamma.subgraph_search_iterator(Graph([[0,1]]))) If you want to see an example where it breaks (it gives the edges). You don't know by any chance a fix and a homeomorphic instead of isomorphic embedding (meaning edges can be send to several edges). 2017-12-13 16:54:41 +0200 received badge ● Editor (source) 2017-12-13 16:43:52 +0200 received badge ● Student (source) 2017-12-13 16:30:43 +0200 asked a question find embedded subgraphs Hi there, is there a method to find all embedded copies of a graph in another graph, e.g. given two graphs H and G I want something like: G = graphs.RandomGNP(10,.3) #some graph H = Graph({1:[1,2], 2:[1,2]}) #some other graph list = G.find_subgraphs(H, homeomorphic=False/True)  Where the elements list are all the subgraphs in G which are isomorphic/homeomorphic to H. If this is too much to ask for, there should be at least a method to return all cycles in G (i.e. closed paths in G with each vertex at most once). Since there exists the Hamiltonian cycle method this one should exist too. PS: In my case the graph has multiedges (and loops, but we can ignore this here).