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I'm trying to find the inverse of the polynomial ( 7X^2 + 1 ) in the Galois ring ( GR(2^3, 3) ) where the modulus polynomial is ( h(X) = X^3 + X + 1 ). However, I keep encountering the error "Flint exception (Impossible inverse): Cannot invert modulo (2 4)."

Here is the SageMath code I'm using:

k = 3

d = 3

R = IntegerModRing(2**k)

GR = PolynomialRing(R, 'X') X = GR.gen()

h = X^3 + X + 1

GaloisRing = GR.quotient(h, 'X')

poly = GaloisRing(7*X^2 + 1)

poly_elem = poly.lift() poly_modulus = h

g, u, v = xgcd(poly_elem, poly_modulus)

if g != 1: raise ValueError(f"The element {elem} does not have an inverse in the Galois ring.") inverse = GaloisRing(u % poly_modulus)

Then I get an error:

```

Flint exception (Impossible inverse):Cannot invert modulo 2*4

(no backtrace available)

Unhandled SIGABRT: An abort() occurred. This probably occurred because a compiled module has a bug in it and is not properly wrapped with sig_on(), sig_off(). Python will now terminate. ```

Questions: 1. Why am I encountering this error when trying to find the inverse of ( 7X^2 + 1 ) in ( \text{GR}(2^3, 3) )? 2. Is there a mistake in how I'm defining the Galois ring or using the extended Euclidean algorithm? 3. How can I correctly find the inverse of \7X^2 + 1 ) in this Galois ring?

I'm trying to find the inverse of the polynomial ( 7X^2 + 1 ) in the Galois ring ( GR(2^3, 3) ) where the modulus polynomial is ( h(X) = X^3 + X + 1 ). However, I keep encountering the error "Flint exception (Impossible inverse): Cannot invert modulo (2 4)."

Here is the SageMath code I'm using:

k = 3
 
3

d = 3
 
3

R = IntegerModRing(2**k)
 
IntegerModRing(2**k)

GR = PolynomialRing(R, 'X')
X = GR.gen()
 
GR.gen()

h = X^3 + X + 1
 
1

GaloisRing = GR.quotient(h, 'X')
 
'X')

poly = GaloisRing(7*X^2 + 1)
 
1)

poly_elem = poly.lift()
poly_modulus = h
 
h

g, u, v = xgcd(poly_elem, poly_modulus)
 
poly_modulus)

if g != 1: raise ValueError(f"The element {elem} does not have an inverse in the Galois ring.")
inverse = GaloisRing(u % poly_modulus)poly_modulus)

I'm trying to find the inverse of the polynomial ( 7X^2 + 1 ) in the Galois ring ( GR(2^3, 3) ) where the modulus polynomial is ( h(X) = X^3 + X + 1 ). However, I keep encountering the error "Flint exception (Impossible inverse): Cannot invert modulo (2 4)."

Here is the SageMath code I'm using:

k = 3

d = 3

R = IntegerModRing(2**k)

GR = PolynomialRing(R, 'X')
X = GR.gen()

h = X^3 + X + 1

GaloisRing = GR.quotient(h, 'X')

poly = GaloisRing(7*X^2 + 1)

poly_elem = poly.lift()
poly_modulus = h

g, u, v = xgcd(poly_elem, poly_modulus)

if g != 1: raise ValueError(f"The element {elem} does not have an inverse in the Galois ring.")
inverse = GaloisRing(u % poly_modulus)

Then I get an error:

Flint exception (Impossible inverse):Cannot invert modulo 2*4
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(no backtrace available)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unhandled SIGABRT: An abort() occurred.
This probably occurred because a *compiled* module has a bug
in it and is not properly wrapped with sig_on(), sig_off().
Python will now terminate.

Questions: 1. Why am I encountering this error when trying to find the inverse of ( 7X^2 + 1 ) in ( \text{GR}(2^3, 3) )? 2. Is there a mistake in how I'm defining the Galois ring or using the extended Euclidean algorithm? 3. How can I correctly find the inverse of \7X^2 + 1 ) in this Galois ring?