Inconsistency in function return value

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In addition to the workarounds pointed by @vdelecroix, you can use the following one:

sage: ZZ(p(11)).is_prime()
True

You can also use the is_pseudoprime function, which does not require a previous coercion to the integers ring:

sage: is_pseudoprime(p(11))
True

For $n\geq 2^{64}$, if is_pseudoprime($n$) returns True, it is very likely, but not sure, that $n$ is prime. For $n<2^{64}$, is_pseudoprime($n$) is True if and only if $n$ is prime.

The number (11 - 1) / 2 is a rational number not an integer

sage: parent(5)
Integer Ring
sage: parent((11 - 1) / 2)
Rational Field

As these objects are of different nature, the operation is_prime behaves differently on each of them. You should consider using one of the two workarounds

sage: is_prime( (11 - 1) // 2)  # floor division returns integer
True
sage: is_prime( Integer( (11 - 1) / 2 ) )  # conversion Rational -> Integer
True