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Solving systems of congruences with Gaussian integers

asked 2018-11-15 10:57:43 +0100

Jsevillamol gravatar image

I am writing my own function to solve systems of congruences in arbitrary euclidean domains, but I can't quite make it work for gaussians.

# Extended Euclides Algorithm
def extended_euclides(a,b,quo=lambda a,b:a//b):
    r0 = a; r1 = b
    s0 = 1; s1 = 0
    t0 = 0; t1 = 1

    while r1 != 0:
        q = quo(r0, r1)
        r0, r1 = r1, r0 - q * r1
        s0, s1 = s1, s0 - q * s1
        t0, t1 = t1, t0 - q * t1

    return r0, s0, t0

# Chinese Remainder Theorem
def chinese_remainder(remainders, modules, quo=lambda a,b:a//b):
    """
    INPUT:
        A list of remainders v_i and pairwise coprime modules m_i
        representing a system of congruences {x == v_i mod m_i},
        where v_i, m_i belong to an euclidean domain ED
    OUTPUT:
        A solution of the system of congruences in the domain ED
    """
    m = reduce(lambda x,y:x*y, modules)
    c = 0
    for v_i, m_i in zip(remainders, modules):
        m_div_m_i = quo(m, m_i)
        _, s_i, _ = extended_euclides(m_div_m_i, m_i, quo)
        # c_i = (v_i * s_i) % m_i
        # we need to do it convolutedly bcs gaussian integer quotient is not implemented in SageMath
        a = v_i * s_i; b = m_i
        c_i = a - quo(a,b)*b

        c += c_i * m_div_m_i
    return c

# EXAMPLE ON Z
remainders = [ZZ(2),ZZ(7)]
modules = [ZZ(11), ZZ(13)]
print("System to be solved:")
for r,m in zip(remainders, modules):
    print("x == {} (mod {})".format(r,m))
solution = chinese_remainder(remainders, modules)
print("A solution of the system is {}".format(solution))
#check that the solution is correct
for r, m in zip(remainders, modules):
    assert(solution % m == r)

# EXAMPLE ON Z[i]
ZI = QuadraticField(-1, 'I').ring_of_integers()
gaussian_quo = lambda a,b : ZI(real(a/b).round() + I*imag(a/b).round())
gaussian_rem=lambda a,b: a - gaussian_quo(a,b)*b
remainders = [ZI(2+3*I),ZI(7+5*I)]
modules = [ZI(11), ZI(13-I)]
print("System to be solved:")
for r,m in zip(remainders, modules):
    print("x == {} (mod {})".format(r,m))
solution = chinese_remainder(remainders, modules, gaussian_quo)
print("A solution of the system is {}".format(solution))
#check that the solution is correct
for r, m in zip(remainders, modules):
    print(gaussian_rem(solution, m) / r)
    assert(gaussian_rem(solution, m) == r)

This produces the following ouptut:

System to be solved:
x == 2 (mod 11)
x == 7 (mod 13)
A solution of the system is 46
System to be solved:
x == 3*I + 2 (mod 11)
x == 5*I + 7 (mod -I + 13)
A solution of the system is -41*I - 75
1
36/37*I - 6/37
Error in lines 31-33
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/cocalc/lib/python2.7/site-packages/smc_sagews/sage_server.py", line 1188, in execute
    flags=compile_flags) in namespace, locals
  File "", line 3, in <module>
AssertionError

So in the integer example we find a correct solution, but in the Gaussian example we find a solution that satisfies the first incongruence relation, but not the second.

I have checked with wolfram alpha, and if I did not mess up it seems like the problem is in the Chinese Remainder Theorem algorithm rather than on the assertion tests.

What is going on?

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Comments

1

Note that CRT is a theorem for finitely generated abelian groups. That the additive group Z[i] also has a (euclidean) ring structure is not required for CRT. All you need is a list of finite index subgroups that are "pairwise coprime" (that any two of then generate the entire additive group). In particular, it works with any ring of integer and a list of coprime ideals. It doesn't need the ideals to be principal. See idealchinesein pari/gp: https://pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr/docht...

nbruin gravatar imagenbruin ( 2018-11-16 01:03:41 +0100 )edit

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answered 2018-11-15 20:41:44 +0100

rburing gravatar image

The code and output is correct. The remainder after dividing -41*I - 75 by -I + 13 is 6*I - 6, which is congruent to 5*I + 7 modulo -I + 13. Your final comparison

gaussian_rem(solution, m) == r

is not the right thing to test, because it implicitly assumes that the right-hand sides of your system of equations were already in normal form. Instead, you want to test

gaussian_rem(solution, m) == gaussian_rem(r, m)

or more efficiently

gaussian_rem(solution - r, m) == 0
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Asked: 2018-11-15 10:57:43 +0100

Seen: 16,310 times

Last updated: Nov 15 '18