Early abort for E.cardinality()

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While the option is not exposed to Sage, you can call it through the Pari interface:

E = EllipticCurve(GF(2^255-19), [0, 486662, 0, 1, 0])
e = gp.ellinit(E.a_invariants(), E.base().order())
order = e.ellsea(tors=2)
print(order)

The documentation for the tors parameter:

When tors is set to a non-zero value, the function returns 0 as soon as it detects that the order has a small prime factor not dividing tors; SEA considers modular polynomials of increasing prime degree ℓ and we return 0 as soon as we hit an ℓ (coprime to tors) dividing #E(𝔽_q).

The development version of Pari also supports checking the order of the twist (by using a negative tors), but it has not been released yet (and not integrated with Sage) as I write this.

The code for the cardinality method for elliptic curves can be found on the file src/sage/schemes/elliptic_curves/ell_finite_field.py (you can click to see it). As you can see (search for def cardinality), the default implementation is by calling pari, so you can have a look to its source code (in the C language) and try to make it early-aborting. There is an alternative (probably slower) implementation in Sage, which is called cardinality_bsgs, so you can have a look at it and see if you can deduce that the cardinality is not prime before reaching return self._order commands.