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WorksForMe(TM) in 9.8.beta4 :

sage: (-1)^(1/3)
(-1)^(1/3)
sage: QQbar((-1)^(1/3))
0.500000000000000? + 0.866025403784439?*I
sage: log(QQbar((-1)^(1/3)))
log(0.500000000000000? + 0.866025403784439?*I)
sage: real_part(log(QQbar((-1)^(1/3))))
log(1.000000000000000?)
sage: real_part(log(QQbar((-1)^(1/3)))).is_zero()
True

But beware : x^3+1==0 has three roots, whereas (-1)^(1/3) denotes only one of them. You should check :

sage: [u[0].log().real_part().is_zero() for u in (x^3+1).roots()]
[True, True, True]

WorksForMe(TM) in 9.8.beta4 :

sage: (-1)^(1/3)
(-1)^(1/3)
sage: QQbar((-1)^(1/3))
0.500000000000000? + 0.866025403784439?*I
sage: log(QQbar((-1)^(1/3)))
log(0.500000000000000? + 0.866025403784439?*I)
sage: real_part(log(QQbar((-1)^(1/3))))
log(1.000000000000000?)
sage: real_part(log(QQbar((-1)^(1/3)))).is_zero()
True

But beware : x^3+1==0 has three roots, whereas (-1)^(1/3) denotes only one of them. You should check :

sage: [u[0].log().real_part().is_zero() for u in (x^3+1).roots()]
[True, True, True]

or, if you prefer,

sage: [real_part(log(u.rhs())).is_zero() for u in solve(x^3+1==0, x)]
[True, True, True]

HTH,