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This updates the answer by @achrzesz, as coeffs is no longer available.

The polynomial method of a number field element gives the associated polynomial. The list method of that polynomial gives its coefficients.

Beware that polynomials also have a coefficients method but by default it only gives the nonzero coefficients, so one should prefer list.

Define the number field:

sage: p = 127
sage: x = polygen(GF(p))
sage: K.<t> = GF(p^2, modulus=x^2 + 1)

Find the coefficients of some elements expressed as polynomials in the number field generator:

sage: a = 364*t + 214
sage: a
110*t + 87
sage: a.polynomial()
110*t + 87
sage: a.polynomial().list()
[87, 110]

sage: b = 16*t
sage: b
16*t
sage: b.polynomial()
16*t
sage: b.polynomial().list()
[0, 16]

sage: c = K(16)
sage: c
sage: c.polynomial()
16
sage: c.polynomial().list()
[16]

The coefficients method is error-prone:

sage: a.polynomial().coefficients()  # also works here
[87, 110]
sage: b.polynomial().coefficients()
[16]
sage: c.polynomial().coefficients()
[16]

unless one is specific about including zeros:

sage: b.polynomial().coefficients(sparse=False)
[0, 16]
sage: c.polynomial().coefficients(sparse=False)
[16]

Another option is to go through the integer representation:

sage: ZZ(a.integer_representation()).digits(base=p)
[87, 110]
sage: ZZ(b.integer_representation()).digits(base=p)
[0, 16]
sage: ZZ(c.integer_representation()).digits(base=p)
[16]

There, one can also pad with zeros so that the number of "p-adic digits" matches the degree:

sage: ZZ(c.integer_representation()).digits(base=p, padto=2)
[16, 0]

This updates the answer by @achrzesz, as coeffs is no longer available.

The polynomial method of a number field element gives the associated polynomial. The list method of that polynomial gives its coefficients.

Beware that polynomials also have a coefficients method but by default it only gives the nonzero coefficients, so one should prefer list.

Define the number field:

sage: p = 127
sage: x = polygen(GF(p))
sage: K.<t> = GF(p^2, modulus=x^2 + 1)

Find the coefficients of some elements expressed as polynomials in the number field generator:

sage: a = 364*t + 214
sage: a
110*t + 87
sage: a.polynomial()
110*t + 87
sage: a.polynomial().list()
[87, 110]

sage: b = 16*t
sage: b
16*t
sage: b.polynomial()
16*t
sage: b.polynomial().list()
[0, 16]

sage: c = K(16)
sage: c
sage: c.polynomial()
16
sage: c.polynomial().list()
[16]

The coefficients method is error-prone:

sage: a.polynomial().coefficients()  # also works here
[87, 110]
sage: b.polynomial().coefficients()
[16]
sage: c.polynomial().coefficients()
[16]

unless one is specific about including zeros:

sage: b.polynomial().coefficients(sparse=False)
[0, 16]
sage: c.polynomial().coefficients(sparse=False)
[16]

Another option is to go through the integer representation:

sage: ZZ(a.integer_representation()).digits(base=p)
[87, 110]
sage: ZZ(b.integer_representation()).digits(base=p)
[0, 16]
sage: ZZ(c.integer_representation()).digits(base=p)
[16]

There, one can also pad with zeros so that the number of "p-adic digits" matches the degree:

sage: ZZ(c.integer_representation()).digits(base=p, padto=2)
[16, 0]