Hello, there seems to be a couple of problems, but I am not completely sure:
- I see in the last line of your output the address "/LaTeX Files,Texmaker". That comma shouldn't be there, it is not allowed in folders names.
- Also in the last line, I can see "/home/sage/C:/Users/". That seems to be a Linux address, not Windows. In many other parts I can see directory names for Linux. For example, "/opt/sagemath-8.6/local/lib/python2.7/tempfile.py"; "/opt" is a default folder in Linux. I don't know if these folders are created using the SageMath installer; if not, my guess is that you downloaded a binary for the wrong OS.
Just to confirm, the download page for Windows installers is https://www.sagemath.org/download-windows.html
I hope this helps!