|   | 1 |  initial version  | 
The range of x values where you want the plot should look like (x, 0, 10) instead of x, 0, 10.
The following works for me:
sage: a = 0.5
sage: x, t = SR.var('x t')
sage: plot(integrate(cos(x*t), t, 0, sin(a)), (x, 0, 10))
Or you can use a Python function rather than a Sage symbolic function, and describe the range as (0, 10).
sage: plot(lambda x: integrate(cos(x*t), t, 0, sin(a)), (0, 10))
The syntax lambda x: expression involving x is the Python equivalent of the mathematical notation
$x \mapsto \text{expression involving } x$.
 Copyright Sage, 2010. Some rights reserved under creative commons license. Content on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 3.0 license.
 
                
                Copyright Sage, 2010. Some rights reserved under creative commons license. Content on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 3.0 license.