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You did not get the expected result because the last ^2 is ill placed; it should be inside the parentheses:

sage: f = 1/(0.1*sqrt(2*pi)) * e^((-1/2)*((x-4)/0.1)^2)

Then

sage: numerical_integral(f, 3.9, 4.1)
(0.6826894921370853, 7.579375928402468e-15)

(the second number is an evaluation of the numerical error).