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One possibility to get around this infinite sumation is to use truncation

sage: sum(1 / (2^x - 1), x, 1, 10).n()
1.60571827189075
sage: sum(1 / (2^x - 1), x, 1, 30).n()
1.60669515148397
sage: sum(1 / (2^x - 1), x, 1, 100).n()
1.60669515241529

Your sum is converging pretty fast. The tail after $n$ is of the order of $2^{-n}$.

One possibility to get around this infinite sumation is to use truncation

sage: sum(1 / (2^x - 1), x, 1, 10).n()
1.60571827189075
sage: sum(1 / (2^x - 1), x, 1, 30).n()
1.60669515148397
sage: sum(1 / (2^x - 1), x, 1, 100).n()
1.60669515241529

Your sum is converging pretty fast. The tail after $n$ is of the order of $2^{-n}$.$2^{-n}$. In particular, since real numbers have a default of 53 bits of precision, the evaluation of the sum is the same at 53 and 100 (but not at 52)

sage: sum(1 / (2^x - 1), x, 1, 52).n() == sum(1 / (2^x - 1), x, 1, 100).n()
False
sage: sum(1 / (2^x - 1), x, 1, 53).n() == sum(1 / (2^x - 1), x, 1, 100).n()
True