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For n-th roots with n other than 2, one can build on @castor's answer and define:

def inthroot(a, n):
    """
    Return the integer `n`-th root of `a`, rounded towards zero.

    EXAMPLES::

        sage: a, b, c, d, e, f = 26, 27, 28, -26, -27, -28
        sage: inthroot(a, 3)
        2
        sage: inthroot(b, 3)
        3
        sage: inthroot(c, 3)
        3
        sage: inthroot(d, 3)
        -2
        sage: inthroot(e, 3)
        -3
        sage: inthroot(f, 3)
        -3
    """
    return a.nth_root(n, truncate_mode=True)[0]

The [0] at the end discards the boolean indicating whether the n-th root extraction was exact.

Alternatively, one could imagine modifying the nth_root method in src/sage/rings/integer.pyx, adding an optional argument to say whether one wants that boolean or not. The call sequence would change from the current

def nth_root(self, int n, bint truncate_mode=0):

to either

def nth_root(self, int n, bint truncate_mode=0, bint return_whether_exact=1):

or

def nth_root(self, int n, bint truncate_mode=0, bint return_whether_exact=0):

depending on whether we decide the default should be to return that boolean or not.

To check the current version of the nth_root method, do this:

sage: a = 2
sage: a.nth_root??

or look at it online, say at GitHub:

• code for the nth_root method of integers.