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It seems you are computing in polynomials over the finite field with two elements.

In a fresh Sage session, factor(8+27*x^3) outputs (9*x^2 - 6*x + 4)*(3*x + 2).

But if you compute in polynomials over GF(2), you would just get x^3.

sage: R = PolynomialRing(GF(2),'x')
sage: x = R.gen()
sage: factor(8+27*x^3)
x^3