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Well, my answer doesn't use Sage, but: your equation is equivalent to cosh(2x) == 1. The hyperbolic cosine function (cosh) has a global minimum at 0, so there's only one real solution: zero.
Other things that can help you figure this out: plot exp(2x) + exp(-2x) and see what it looks like. Show that the derivative is positive for all positive x, and negative for all negative x, and use that to prove that the function has a global minimum at 0, so that the original equation can only have one solution.
