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You found a bug!! When, you call show, Sage calls view and latex functions, and the latex function produced with Z5 is the following:

sage: T = Z5.multiplication_table()
sage: latex(T)
{\setlength{\arraycolsep}{2\ex}
\begin{array}{r|*{5}{r}}
\multicolumn{1}{c|}{\ast}&a&b&c&d&e\\\hline
{}a&a&a&a&a&a\\
{}b&a&b&c&d&e\\
{}c&a&c&e&b&d\\
{}d&a&d&b&e&c\\
{}e&a&e&d&c&b\\
\end{array}}

And it seems that pdflatex is not able to understand the first line.

You found a bug!! When, you call show, Sage calls view and latex functions, and the latex function produced with Z5 is the following:

sage: T = Z5.multiplication_table()
sage: latex(T)
{\setlength{\arraycolsep}{2\ex}
\begin{array}{r|*{5}{r}}
\multicolumn{1}{c|}{\ast}&a&b&c&d&e\\\hline
{}a&a&a&a&a&a\\
{}b&a&b&c&d&e\\
{}c&a&c&e&b&d\\
{}d&a&d&b&e&c\\
{}e&a&e&d&c&b\\
\end{array}}

And it seems that pdflatex is not able to understand the first line.

sage: show(str(T))

sage: show(LatexExpr(latex(T).replace('\\setlength{\\arraycolsep}{2\ex}','')))

You found a bug!! When, you call show, Sage calls view and latex functions, and the latex function produced with Z5 is the following:

sage: T = Z5.multiplication_table()
sage: latex(T)
{\setlength{\arraycolsep}{2\ex}
\begin{array}{r|*{5}{r}}
\multicolumn{1}{c|}{\ast}&a&b&c&d&e\\\hline
{}a&a&a&a&a&a\\
{}b&a&b&c&d&e\\
{}c&a&c&e&b&d\\
{}d&a&d&b&e&c\\
{}e&a&e&d&c&b\\
\end{array}}

And it seems that pdflatex is not able to understand the first line.

A first worksroud is to avoid latex so that the show function shwows shows the ascii representation of T as follows:

sage: show(str(T))

A second workaround if you still want a latex typeset is to modify the latex representation, and remove its first line:

sage: show(LatexExpr(latex(T).replace('\\setlength{\\arraycolsep}{2\ex}','')))

You found a bug!! When, you call show, Sage calls view and latex functions, and the latex function produced with Z5 is the following:

sage: T = Z5.multiplication_table()
sage: latex(T)
{\setlength{\arraycolsep}{2\ex}
\begin{array}{r|*{5}{r}}
\multicolumn{1}{c|}{\ast}&a&b&c&d&e\\\hline
{}a&a&a&a&a&a\\
{}b&a&b&c&d&e\\
{}c&a&c&e&b&d\\
{}d&a&d&b&e&c\\
{}e&a&e&d&c&b\\
\end{array}}

And it seems that pdflatex is not able to understand the first line.

A first worksroud is to avoid latex so that the show function shows the ascii representation of T as follows:

sage: show(str(T))

A second workaround if you still want a latex typeset is to modify the latex representation, and remove its first line:

sage: show(LatexExpr(latex(T).replace('\\setlength{\\arraycolsep}{2\ex}','')))

sage: sage: Z5=Integers(5)
....: sage: show(Z5.multiplication_table())
*  a b c d e
 +----------
a| a a a a a
b| a b c d e
c| a c e b d
d| a d b e c
e| a e d c b