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Sage uses the parent/element pattern for most mathematical objects, see the documentation on coercion for details. For integers the parent is IntegerRing (with ZZ as shortcut) and the element are Integer.

sage: i = 1
sage: type(i)
sage.rings.integer.Integer
sage: type(i.parent())
sage.rings.integer_ring.IntegerRing_class
sage: ZZ is IntegerRing() is i.parent()
True